Cynthia+H

=**May 10, 2010 - Preliminary research**=

Please post the following items: Intro -Attention grabber -background Info -thesis I.Alien Land Law a. The California land law prohibited all Asian immigrants from owing land or property in the state, which was directed towards the large number of Japanese farm owners who were very successful. (>>detail>>) b. Japanese land holdings increase c. Court cases that claimed that the alien land law was unjust d. outcome II. Discrimination against Japanese people a. what sparked the discrimination? b. how were the Japanese treated? c. what was the outcome? III. Order 9066 a. what is the order of 9066? b. why was it created? c.What was the outcome? IV. Internment Camps a. When were they created? b. Why were they created? c. Where were they located? d. what were the conditions? V.Parallel to Nazi concentration camps a.conditions of Nazi camps b.compare Japanese camps to Nazi camps VI.Conclusion a.restate focal points b.restate comparison c. restate thesis By looking at the Alien Land law, Order 9066, and the discrimination against Japanese people, it is apparent that, the poor conditions in the internment camps was a parallel to the concentration camps created during the reign of the Nazis.
 * Outline**
 * Working thesis statement:**

By looking at the Alien Land Law, Order 9066, and discrimination against Japanese people, it is apparent that the American government was practicing some form of Nazism.

Siasoco, Ricco Villanueva, and Shmuel Ross. "Japanese Internment in World War II — Infoplease.com." //Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free online reference, research & homework help. — Infoplease.com//. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 May 2010. [].
 * Working bibliography:**
 * M M CORPENING. "RICH AND POOR, INTERNED JAPS POUR INTO CAMP :Movement of 139,000 Persons Started.. " //Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963)// 2 Apr. 1942: Page 12,ProQuest Historical Newspapers Chicago Tribune (1849 - 1986), ProQuest. Web. 7 May. 2010. ||

" Alien Land Laws ." //Online 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica//. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 May 2010. .

"RIP JAP CAMPS AS DANGEROUS; URGE ABOLITION :Probers Win Senators' O. K. on Proposal.. " //Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963)// 8 May 1943: Page 8,ProQuest Historical Newspapers Chicago Tribune (1849 - 1987), ProQuest. Web. 25 May. 2010.

"JAPS WILL YIELD AREA. " //Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922)// 8 Nov. 1920: Page 2,ProQuest Historical Newspapers Chicago Tribune (1849 - 1987), ProQuest. Web. 25 May. 2010.

Cynthia Hughes 2nd period U.S. History Japanese Internment World War II was an international military conflict which resulted in the most destruction and loss of lives than any other war. It lasted from 1939-1945. During World War II, the anti-Japanese sentiments lead to the creation of internment camps. By looking at the Alien Land law, Order 9066, and the discrimination against Japanese people, it is apparent that, the poor conditions in the internment camps was a parallel to the concentration camps created during the reign of the Nazis. One of the factors that led to the existence of these internment camps was the Alien Land Law. This was passed in California first in 1913. Prior to this law, the Chinese exclusion act barred Chinese immigration. Anti-Chinese racism was eventually transferred to the Japanese agricultural workers, who were both viewed as non-white. After 1890 more and more Japanese laborers came to the U.S. in search of farming jobs. However, Japanese farmers thrived and their success angered the white farmers. The racist attitudes molded into attempts to prevent the Japanese from owing land. The Alien Land Law granted aliens eligible for U.S. citizenship, full property ownership rights but limited “aliens ineligible to citizenship” to those rights granted by treaties. The 1911 U.S.-Japan treaty did not mention protecting the property rights of Japanese people who lived on agricultural land in the United States. This law relied on the federal racial importance to naturalization, one had to be a “free white person to become naturalized, just to bar Japanese farmers from land ownership. This legal sanction was a response to the economic success of Japanese farmers in California in the early 20th century. Despite the fact that the 1913 law was passed, Japanese land holdings still increased because the farmers found ways around the terms of the law. Such as, assigning the title in the name of children that were citizens. Soon, other western states such as Wyoming, Washington, Louisiana, Oregon, Idaho, etc., passed Alien Land Laws as well. In //Terrace v. Thompson// (1923), the Court ruled in the favor of the Washington Alien Land Law because a state could rightly restrict property ownership to U.S. citizens, and that doing so did not amount to racial discrimination. Additionally, discrimination against Japanese people started to increase also. Most of this discrimination was sparked because of the tension between white land owners and Japanese farm owners, primarily because of jealousy. Before World War II Japanese people faced the typical discrimination just like any other minority would in America. Discriminatory laws were passed in the 1900’s that denied the Japanese the right to citizenship, own land, and to marry outside their race. They inherited much of the racism directed against the Chinese. They could not buy homes in certain areas, work in certain job industries, and they had to send their kids to segregated schools. After the attack at Pearl Harbor, people began to fear Japanese-Americans because they might aid another invasion. At one point, the U.S. State Department hired spies to investigate in Japanese-American communities to make sure that they weren’t a threat to the nation, but there was no evidence to prove that right. Additionally, many of the negative images came from the media, usually through cartoons. One of the cartoonists who were noted for his portrayals of Japanese and Japanese- Americans was Dr. Seuss, who displayed them as ugly and bucktoothed. However, the American public did not notice that over 65% of the Japanese-Americans were American born citizens. The previous points were factors that led to the production of Order 9066. This was signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, on Febuary.19, 1942, which authorized the internment of thousands of Japanese Americans. This decision was fueled by anti-Japanese sentiment among farmers who competed against Japanese laborers, pressure by politicians who sided with anti- Japanese, and the general public who were afraid after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The Executive Order was loose enough that it gave the government a large amount of leeway in how it chose to treat the Japanese Americans. It gave the Secretary of War and military commanders the authority to exclude any person from a designated area. So its powers could have affected any American because there were no geographical locations specified, or ethnic groups mentioned which is why the government was able to force even Japanese Americans who were U.S. citizens into the internment camps. The Executive Order essentially gave the military full control and discretion. The outcome was eventually the formulation of 10 holding camps. The internment camps were located in California, Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, Arizona, Colorado, and Arkansas. The Japanese along the West coast were the firsts to evacuate and relocate. At first, some Japanese residents voluntarily entered these camps to avoid being separated from loved ones. However, during the evacuation, many inland states started to refuse entry to the Japanese Americans, and forced them into several internment camps. The internees had to leave a lot of belongings behind, including household and personal items they needed for daily living. America took initiative and started doing house roundups and search or arrest warrants. No other country was supposed to know about the internment camps. From March 24 to November 3.1942, the removal of Japanese Americans from the west coast took eight months. Families were registered and given numbered tags to identify themselves and their belongings. After the Japanese were arrested, they were taken to unknown destinations, and treated as prisoners of war. The U.S. internment camps were overcrowded and provided poor living conditions. The Japanese Americans lost all their civil and personal rights as citizens. They had no ownership rights over their personal belongings and they were not allowed to speak Japanese, which strained their family and cultural relationships. Restraints of their rights led to numerous strikes, riots, and attempts at running away. Japanese Americans were housed in tarpaper-covered barracks without plumbing or cooking facilities of any kind. There were no barriers for the bathrooms. Many prisoners fell ill due to the unsanitary conditions of the housing situations. Coal was hard to come by and internees slept under as many blankets as they were allowed. Food was rationed out at 48 cents in a mess hall of 250-300 people. The camps were fenced with barbed wire to avoid runaways. There were many kinds of factories, farms, hospitals, schools, churches, etc., within them. The prisoners were able to go anywhere they wanted, but the only time they were permitted to leave the camps was if they were too ill that the camp’s hospital could not help. Leadership positions within the camps were only offered to the //Nisei//, or American-born, Japanese. The older generation, or the //Issei//, was forced to watch as the government promoted their children. The government, over time, allowed internees to leave the concentration camps only if they enlisted in the U.S. Army. Only about 1,200 internees chose to do so. The Japanese Americans were released in 1945. Japanese Americans suffered socially and economically. Even with freedom, they struggled to readapt back into society as the same people they were before. The conditions in the Japanese internment camps were somewhat similar to that of the conditions of the Nazi concentration camps. Both had evacuated people from their homes, forcing them to leave personal and valuable items behind. Also the prisoners were assigned to barracks that were poorly constructed, and they were exposed to various illnesses because of the poor sanitation. The rations of food were low. The camps were surrounded by fences and barbed wire. And they both were morally wrong. Both of the camps’ prisoners lost their lives. Even though the Nazi concentration camps were harsher because of the mass killings of the Jewish and it was considered genocide, they both still had some similarities. The U.S had repeated something that had been done before, other nations did not know about the internment camps just as they did not know about the concentration camps. To sum it up, the creation of Japanese interment camps were influenced by many reasons. The Alien Land Law led to discrimination which led to Order 9066 which officially established the camps. The camps can easily compare to Nazi concentration camps and be looked at as an imitation of some sort. Examining the Alien Land Law, Order 9066, and discrimination against the Japanese, it is evident that the internment camps were a lateral to the concentration camps formed when the Nazis attempted to dominate the world. Works Cited "Encyclopedia - Featured Articles." //Online 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica//. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 May 2010. .

"Executive Order 9066: The President Authorizes Japanese Relocation." //History Matters: The U.S. Survey Course on the Web//. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 May 2010. .

"Japanese American life under U.S. policies before and during World War II - SourceWatch." //SourceWatch//. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 May 2010. .

"Pre-War Discrimination > World War II & Roundup | Exploring JAI." //CAAM Home//. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 May 2010. .

Siasoco, Ricco Villanueva, and Shmuel Ross. "Japanese Internment in World War II â€” Infoplease.com." //Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free online reference, research & homework help. â€” Infoplease.com//. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 May 2010. .

M.M. Corpening. "RICH AND POOR, INTERNED JAPS POUR INTO CAMP: Movement of 139,000 Persons Started.” //Chicago// //Daily Tribune (1923-// //1963).// 2 April. 1942: Page 12. ProQuest Historical Newspapers Chicago Tribune (1849 - 1986), ProQuest. Web. 7 May. 2010.

"RIP JAP CAMPS AS DANGEROUS; URGE ABOLITION :Probers Win Senators' O. K. on Proposal.. " //Chicago// //Daily Tribune (1923-1963)// 8 May 1943: Page 8. ProQuest Historical Newspapers Chicago Tribune (1849 - 1987), ProQuest. Web. 25 May. 2010.

"JAPS WILL YIELD AREA. " //Chicago// //Daily Tribune (1872-1922)// 8 Nov. 1920: Page 2. ProQuest Historical Newspapers Chicago Tribune (1849 - 1987), ProQuest. Web. 25 May. 2010.

Wendy Ng. //Japanese American Internement During World WarII: A History and// //Reference Guide.// Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc, 2002.

Roger Daniels. //Prisoners Without Trial: Japanese Americans in World War II.// New York: Hill and Wang, 2004.